Buffalo (1913-38)

The hobo nickel is a sculptural art form involving the creative modification of small-denomination coins, essentially resulting in miniature bas reliefs. The nickel, because of its size, thickness, and relative softness, was a favored coin for this purpose. more...

However, the term "hobo nickel" is generic, and carvings have been made from many different denominations.

Due to its low cost and portability, this medium was particularly popular among hobos, hence the name.

Early altered coins (1850s-1913)

The altering of coins dates to the 18th century or earlier. Beginning in the 1850s, the most common form of coin alteration was the "potty coin," engraved on Seated Liberty coins (half dime through trade dollar). This time period was also the heyday of the love token, which was made by machine-smoothing a coin (usually silver) on one or both sides, then engraving it with initials, monograms, names, scenes, etc., often with an ornate border. Hundreds of thousands of coins were altered in this manner. They were often mounted on pins or incorporated into bracelets and necklaces. The love token fad faded out in the early 20th century; love tokens engraved on buffalo nickels are rare.

During this time period, hobo-style coin alteration could be found outside the United States, primarily in Britain, France, and South Africa.

The Buffalo Nickel

When the Indian Head or Buffalo nickel was introduced in 1913, it became popular among coin engravers. The big Indian head was a radical departure from previous designs, and would not be seen on any subsequent coins. The large, thick profile gave the artists a larger template to work on, and allowed for finer detail.

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